Downloadable study summary (requires Acrobat Reader)
Gastroschisis
is believed to arise from interrupted blood supply to
the developing abdominal wall, so factors influencing
blood flow and oxygen stress are an important focus
for our investigation. Our findings follow.
OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATIONS ELEVATE RISK
Mothers taking aspirin or ibuprofen
had a 4-5 time higher risk. These medications are
strong cyclooxygenase inhibitors, active in pathways
that decrease blood flow. Acetaminophen (which works
by a different mechanism) showed no association
with gastroschisis.
Decongestants, particularly pseudoephedrine
and phenylpropanolamine, more than doubled the risk.
(Both are blood vessel constrictors.)
The extra risk found with various
medications was not due to the mother's reasons
for taking them. Neither illness nor fever was associated
with gastroschisis.
SOLVENTS AND DYES USED IN HOBBIES MAY PLAY A ROLE
Mothers were asked about work activities
as well as hobbies during pregnancy. An industrial
hygienist evaluated exposures that might be associated
with each occupation/hobby.
Several hobbies—ranging from
automechanics to weaving—increased risk for
gastroschisis. All but 2 involved the use of solvents
or colorants (dyes).
Using recreational drugs before or early
in pregnancy increased the risk for gastroschisis. A higher
risk was seen if the mother used more than one type of
drug, and if both parents were drug users.
Cocaine-using mothers were more than 4
times as likely to have a baby with gastroschisis.
Using marijuana, amphetamines, or alcohol
(either daily or binge drinking) increased risk by 2-4
times.
Gastroschisis
is believed to arise from interrupted blood supply to
the developing abdominal wall, so factors influencing
blood flow and oxygen stress are an important focus
for our investigation. Our findings follow.
